How can outdated USTs pose a regulatory risk?

Outdated underground storage tanks (USTs) may not comply with current environmental protection standards, which is a significant regulatory risk. Older storage tanks can be constructed from materials or using technologies that have since been deemed unsafe or inefficient, particularly regarding leakage and emissions. Since regulations evolve to address new environmental knowledge and technology advancements, older UST systems may lack the necessary safeguards to prevent leakage of hazardous materials, which poses a threat to soil and groundwater. Non-compliance with these standards can result in penalties, fines, and the requirement for costly upgrades or replacements, affecting operational viability and legal compliance. Thus, managing the integrity and compliance of USTs is essential not only for environmental safety but also for regulatory conformity.

The other options, such as costs and fuel efficiency, do not directly address the regulatory risks associated with non-compliance to environmental standards.